Crocuses may be propagated from seed or from daughter cormels formed on the corm, that eventually produce mature plants. Crocuses are native to woodland, scrub, and meadows from sea level to alpine tundra from the Mediterranean, through North Africa, central and southern Europe, the islands of the Aegean, the Middle East and across Central Asia to Xinjiang in western China. Iran is the center of saffron production. It is valued as a spice and dyestuff, and is one of the most expensive spices in the world. Saffron is obtained from the dried stigma of Crocus sativus, an autumn-blooming species. The crocus has been known throughout recorded history, mainly as the source of saffron. The flowers close at night and in overcast weather conditions. Many are cultivated for their flowers, appearing in autumn, winter, or spring. They are low growing plants, whose flower stems remain underground, that bear relatively large white, yellow, orange or purple flowers and then become dormant after flowering. Crocus ( / ˈ k r oʊ k ə s/ plural: crocuses or croci) is a genus of seasonal flowering plants in the family Iridaceae (iris family) comprising about 100 species of perennials growing from corms.
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